Parenting time, at its simple core, refers to the schedules for children to spend time between parents. Parenting time includes schedules for school semesters, holidays, special days, such as birthdays, summer, fall and spring breaks. Although parties determine parenting time schedules throughout the year by agreement or litigation, they always have flexibility. Indeed, parents are encouraged to be reasonable in modifying the parenting time schedule to meet the needs of the children in the event a situation arises that requires an alteration of the schedule.
In Indiana, courts focus on the best interests of the child when deciding parenting time arrangements. Understanding the main factors considered can help you know what to expect if parenting time becomes an issue in your divorce or paternity case. Parenting time is often, but incorrectly, referred to as “visitation.”
The child’s age and needs
A child’s age plays a large role in shaping parenting time. Infants and very young children often benefit from shorter, frequent visits with both parents. Older children may handle longer stays and transitions more easily. Courts (and attorneys in negotiations) also consider specific needs and circumstances, such as: school and education schedules, distance between parents’ residences, health conditions, extracurricular activities and other unique circumstances when ordering a schedule.
Each parent’s availability
A parent’s work hours, travel obligations, and daily responsibilities affect how parenting time is determined. Courts want to ensure that the schedule allows meaningful quality time with both parents while still fitting into the child’s routine. If one parent’s schedule limits availability, the other parent may receive more time during the week.
The child’s relationship with each parent
Indiana courts consider the quality of each parent’s bond with the child. Strong, positive relationships often lead to more balanced schedules. If one parent has been the primary caregiver, the court may weigh that role heavily, especially for younger children.
The ability to cooperate
Parenting time works best when parents can communicate and cooperate. Courts review how well each parent supports the child’s relationship with the other parent. A parent who encourages contact and works together in decision-making may receive more flexibility in the schedule.
Key takeaways for parents
Every family’s situation is unique, and so are the schedules that work best for them. While courts set guidelines, the most effective parenting time plans often come from parents who can put aside differences and focus on stability for their child. When both parents commit to consistency and respect for each other’s role, children benefit the most.